PUBP/MGT/ISYE 6771A - Dr. Philip Shapira - Fall Quarter 1997, M.W 14.00-15.30  DM Smith 204

Mangement of Technology I:
The External Environment

Course home page: http://www.cherry.gatech.edu/mot
Revised August 30, 2009 - subject to updating - refer to web site for most recent outline.

Overview

This course examines factors in the firm's external environment essential to managing technology. It considers the technological innovation process in the context of international competitiveness and discusses the various roles of governments. MoT I develops skills in acquiring and interpreting information about the environment to facilitate technology management. Topics considered in the course include industrial competitiveness and technological innovation, roles of government, and understanding the external environment for technological development and management.

Course Objectives and Description

The Manufacturing Studies Board of the National Academy of Science describes the Management of Technology (MOT) as follows:

• "Management of technology...concerns the process of managing technology development, implementation, and diffusion in industrial or governmental organizations. In addition to managing the innovation process through R&D, it includes managing the introduction and use of technology in products, in manufacturing processes, and in other corporate functions."

This is the first course in a three-course sequence in the Management of Technology. The course examines factors in the external environment which influence how firm's manage technology. It is designed to give you an understanding of how processes of technological innovation occur, what factors in an organization's environment influence those processes, and the relationships between a firm's external environment and its internal management of technology. While the course emphasizes the environment or context in which innovation occurs, it is necessary to examine some intraorganizational processes as well. Thus, there will be an introduction to several of the topics explored in greater depth in MOT II (Managing Resources of the Technological Firm) and MOT III (Strategic Issues in the Management of Technology).

The effective management of technology necessarily involves the diffusion and spread of technology, as well as its development and mastery. Within this perspective, many factors influence how technology is managed as technical elements interact with economic, social, organizational, and policy aspects. While these factors often operate on a global basis, the way in which they are manifested at national and regional levels has a critical bearing on the technological performance of firms and industries. The course will pay particular attention to the influence of national and regional systems in affecting the management of technology.

Course Outline

Registration, Prerequisites and Credit

Maximum number of students in this class is 30. Graduate students may register under PUBP 6771, MGT 6771, OR ISYE 6771. Prerequisites - none. Credit: 3 hours.

Advanced undergraduate students may register only with the instructor's permission, up to a maximum of 5 undergraduate students in the class (up to the total of 30 students).

Management of Technology Certificate

Information on the requirements for the Management of Technology Certificate can be found via this web address: <<http://www.iac.gatech.edu/~mgt/MOT/certrequire.html>>. To formally request admission to the MoT program, complete the MoT Enrollment Form, available in the MoT Program Booklet or MoT Program Office in the School fo Management.

Requirements and Assessment

Requirements

• Attendance, reading, and participation in class discussion.
• Completion of well-considered and well-written individual assignments on schedule.
• Active participation in team project and team final report

Assessment and Grading

Assessment and grading will be assigned as follows:

*Initial team presentation of project proposal: October 22, 1997. Final team presentations begin November 26, 1997.
**Students graduating this quarter - please advise instructor.

Required Book

Edward J. Malecki, Technology and Economic Development, Addison Wesley Longman, Harlow, England, 1997. Second edition.* ISBN 0-582-27723-X

*Make sure you buy the second edition.

This required book is available in the Georgia Tech Bookstore in the Student Union on campus (Telephone: 404-894-2517) and possibly in the Engineer's Bookstore (748 Marietta Street, NW Atlanta - Telephone: 404-221-1669).

Reading Assignments and Resources

	Note
	Acrobat Reader by Adobe is required to read some of the documents in this reading list. Select here get a free copy of Acrobat Reader.
[P]	Some documents are protected. Registered students will separately receive a login and password to access these documents.

A. Introduction

• The Economist, The Hitchiker's Guide to Cybernomics, September 28, 1996. [ACROBAT .PDF 2.2MB] [P]

Additional Resources

• Definitions of terms

B. Technology, Competitiveness and Challenges to Management

Technology and competitiveness: The international environment and the basis of advantage in a global economy

• Malecki, Chapter 1. Economic growth and development; Chapter 9. Development in a competitive world.

Additional Resources

• Stephen Cohen and John Zysman, Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Post-Industrial Economy, (a) "Linkages, Wealth, and Power," Ch. 2; (b) "Market Competition, Technological Development, and Trade," Ch. 7. [library reserve].
• For "historic" views: US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Making Things Better, Washington, DC 1990. [Library Reserve] [Also available in ACROBAT *PDF]; Technology and competitiveness: international environment N. Bruce Hannay, "Technology and Trade: A Study of U.S. Competiveness in Seven Industries," in Tushman and Moore, pp. 670-685. [Library reserve]
• For a revised view: The Economist, "Back on Top?", Survey of American Business, September 16, 1995.

C. Processes of Technological Innovation

Models of technological innovation and development

• Malecki, Chapter 2. Technological capability: the core of economic development; Chapter 3. Innovation in the firm: technology in corporate context.

Additional resources

• Tushman and Moore, Chapter 1, esp. Abernathy and Utterback, "Innovation over time and in historical context," pp. 25-36 and "Mapping the winds of creative destruction," pp. 55-78; Donald Marquis, "The anatomy of successful innovations," pp. 79-87. [Library reserve].

D. Technological Innovation and Industrial Systems

1. Linking research with industry

• Office of Technology Assessment, Innovation and Commercialization of Emerging Technologies, OTA-BP-ITC-165, US Congress, 1995. Review the summary. [Note: ADOBE *PDF file]
• Gunter Lay, Process Innovations as the Key to Innovative Products, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems Innovation and Research, 1997. [ADOBE *PDF 603K]

Additional Resources

• Lewis Branscomb, From Science Policy to Research Policy
• Web site of the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems Innovation and Research

2. New high technology firms - the environment for entrepreneurial innovation

• Malecki, Chapter 5. Entrepreneurs, small firms and economic development

Additional Resources

• Florida and Kenney, The Break-Through Illusion, Chap 1 "The Breakthrough Illusion," and Chap 2, "How We Lost the Follow-Through" (library reserve). HC110.T4.F57 1990.

3. Innovation and new industrial structures - the environment for collaborative innovation

• Malecki, Chapter 6. Corporations and networks of large firms; Chapter 4. Flexibility and agglomeration

Additional resources

• Bennett Harrison, Lean and Mean, Chapter 1, "Big Firms, Small Firms, Network Firms," [library reserve]
• Frank Pyke, Industrial Development through Small Firm Cooperation, International Labor Organization, 1992, Chapter 1, "Some organization principles for a dynamic small-firm industrial sector," pp. 1-14 [Library reserve]
• Piore and Sable, The Second Industrial Divide [library reserve]

4. Comparative case: Japanese industry and technology strategies

• Tushman and Moore, Ken-ichi Imai, et. al., "Managing the new product development process: how Japanese companies learn and unlearn," pp. 533-561; or Nina Hatvany and Vladimir Pucki, "Japanese management practices and productivity," pp. 519-532. [Library reserve]
• Take a virtual tour of the Kanagawa Science Park.

Additional Resources

• Philip Shapira, "Modernizing Small Manufacturers in Japan: The Role of Local Public Technology Centers" Journal of Technology Transfer, Winter 1992, 17,1 pp: 40-57. [ACROBAT *PDF]
• Daniel Okimoto, Between MITI and Market: Japanese Industrial Policy for High Technology, Stanford, CA: Sanford University Press, 1989 Chapter 3, MITI and Industrial Organization (Library reserve).
• Web links

E. Technology Assessment

1. Regulatory environment for technology management

• Richard Barke, Note on Types of Market Failures (1997). [Acrobat PDF]

2. Environmental context for technology development: Sustainability and technological systems

• Searching for sustainability, Georgia Tech Alumni magazine, Summer 1997.
• Andy James, article on guest speaker Carol Foley on sustainable technology.

3. Financial Environment for Developing New Technology Ventures.

• View the web site of Alliance Technology Ventures

Additional Resources

• Florida and Kenney, Chapter 4, "Venture Capital and the Breakthrough Bias," (library reserve)

4. Institutional Context for Technology Development: The Case of the Internet

• Juan Rogers, Internetworking and the Politics of Science: NSFNET in Internet history, 1997 (forthcoming in The Information Society) .
• The internet as a tool for technology transfer, Technology Transfer, Gibson and Williams, eds, to be posted.

Additional Resources

• Lee W. McKnight and Joseph P. Bailey, "An Introduction to Internet Economics," The Journal of Electronic Publishing, University of Michigan, Volume 2 (c. 1996). (See also other articles in this special issue).

5. Forecasting innovations trends in a global context

• J. David Roessner, Alan L. Porter, Nils Newman. 1996 Indicators of Technology-Based Competiveness of Nations. Technology Policy and Assessment Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 1997.

F. Technology Management and Public Policy

1. U.S. Technology Policy: Current Approaches and Emerging Frameworks

• Malicki, Chapter 7. Creating competitiveness in nations, regions and localities.
• The Steering Committee of the Project on Technology Policy Assessment Lewis Branscomb, Richard Florida, David Hart, James Keller, and Darin Boville, Investing in Innovation Toward A Consensus Strategy for Federal Technology Policy. Center for Science, policy and International Affairs, JFK School fo Government, harvard University, April 1997.

Additional Resources

• Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government. Science, Technology, and Government for a Changing World, 1993
• View the web site of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
• Tushman and Moore, Chapter 10, Richard Nelson and Richard Langlois, "Industrial innovation policy: Lessons from American history," pp. 661-669.
• Web links

2. Innovation to deployment: new U.S. partnerships and international comparisons

• Philip Shapira, Manufacturing Extension: Performance, Challenges, and Policy Issues. In: Investing in Innovation, edited by L.M. Branscomb and Jim Keller, MIT Press, 1998.
• Philip Shapira and Stuart Rosenfeld, An Overview of Technology Diffusion Policies and Programs to Enhance the Technological Absorptive Capabilities of Small and Medium Enterprises. Background paper prepared for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, Paris, 1996.

Additional Resources

• National Institute of Standards and Technology, Manufacturing Extension Partnership
• Georgia Tech Policy Project on Industrial Modernization

3. Networks, Social Capital, and Technological Capability: The Balance Between Collaboration and Competition

• Jane E. Fountain, Social Capital: A Key Enabler of Innovation, In: Investing in Innovation, edited by L.M. Branscomb and Jim Keller, MIT Press, 1998.
• Doug Welch, Eric Oldsman, Philip Shapira, Jan Youtie, and Julie Lee, Net benefits: An assessment of a set of manufacturing business networks and their impacts on member companies, USNet Evaluation Working Paper 9701, October 1997. [In Acrobat and Word 97 formats]

Additional Resources

• Stuart Rosenfeld, Bringing business clusters into the mainstream of economic development. European Planning Studies, vol 5, 1, 1997. pp. 3-22. [ADOBE * PDF 461K]
• USNet: A Consortium Promoting Competitiveness Through Interfirm Collaboration
• Philip Shapira, Collaborative Business Exchange and Technology Fusion: The Japanese Approach, Firm Connections, pp.10-12, September/October, 1994.

Additional Resources

Additional Readings and Electronic Reserves. Additional readings will be available through handouts in class and/or posted in the electronic library on the course web server. Certain documents are restricted to registered students and require login and password access.

World Wide Web Resources. Use will be made of various world wide web sites for class reading assignments, additional individual reading, and projects. An introductory listing of sites is available on the course web site via <<http://www.cherry.gatech.edu/mot>>.

Reserve Books

The following books have been placed on reserve in the Georgia Tech main library. Students are recommended to consult these for further study and in preparing their written assignments. You may need to check under different course numbers to obtain the book.

Best, Michael H., The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring, Polity Press/Basil Blackwell, Oxford and New York: 1990.

Castells, Manuel (ed), High Technology, Space, and Society, Beverly Hills and London, Sage Publications, 1985.

Castells, Manuel and Peter Hall, Technopoles of the World: The Making of 21st Century Industrial Complexes, NY: Routledge, 1994.

Cohen, Stephen S. and John Zysman, Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Post-Industrial Economy, New York: Basic Books, 1987.

Florida, Richard and Martin Kenney, The Breakthrough Illusion: Corporate America's Failure to Move from Mass Innovation to Production, Basic Books, NY, 1990.

Freeman, Christopher, John Clark, and Luc Soete, Unemployment and Technical Innovation, London: Francis Pinter, 1982; also Freeman, Christopher, Long Waves in the World Economy, 1984.

Friedman, David, The Misunderstood Miracle: Industrial Development and Political Change in Japan, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY: 1988.

Harrison, Bennet Lean and Mean: The Changing Landscape of Corporate Power in the Age of Flexibility, New York, Basic Books: 1994.

Komiya, Ryutaro, Masahiro Okuno, and Kotaro Suzumura, Industrial Policy of Japan, Tokyo: Academic Press, 1988.

Mansfield, Edwin, The Economics of Technical Change, New York: Norton, 1968.

Marshall, Alfred, Principles of Economics, London: Macmillan, 1920.

Markusen, Ann, Profit Cycles, Oligopoly, and Regional Development, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985.

Morris-Suzuki, Tessa, The Technological Transformation of Japan, Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Mogee, Mary Ellen, Technology Policy and Critical Technologies, Manufacturing Forum, Washington, DC: 1991.

Mowery, David C. and Nathan Rosenberg, Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth, Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Piore, Michael J. Piore, and Charles F. Sabel, The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity, New York: Basic Books, 1984.

Reich, Robert B. The Work of Nations, New York: Vintage Books, 1991.

Rosenberg, Nathan, Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics, 1982.

Rosenfeld, Stuart, Competitive Manufacturing: New Strategies for Regional Development, 1992.

Saxenian, Annalee Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.

Schumpeter, Joseph A., The Theory of Economic Development, (1934), New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Shapira, Philip, Modernizing Manufacturing: New Policies to Build Industrial Extension Services, Economic Policy Institute, M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY: 1990.

Shapira, Philip (editor), The R&D Workers: Managing Innovation in Britain, Germany, Japan, and the United States, Quorum Books, 1995.

Stoneman, Paul, The Economic Analysis of Technological Change, 1983.

Storper, Michael, and Richard Walker, The Capitalist Imperative: Territory, Technology, and Industrial Growth, Basil Blackwell, Oxford and New York: 1989.

Storper, Michael and Allen J. Scott, eds, Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development, 1992.

Tatsuno, Sheridan, The Technopolis Strategy: Japan, High Technology, and the Control of the Twenty- First Century, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.

Tornatsky, Louis, Mitchell Fleisher, et. al., The Processes of Technological Innovation, 1990.

Womack, James P, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos, The Machine that Changed the World, New York, Rawson Associates, 1990. U.S.

Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Commercializing High Temperature Superconductivity, OTA-ITE-388, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC: 1988

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Making Things Better: Competing in Manufacturing, OTA-ITE-443, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC: 1990.

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Competing Economies: America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim, OTA-ITE-498, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC: 1991.

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, After the Cold War: Living With Lower Defense Spending, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC: February 1992.

Communications

Electronic Office Hours: For fastest response, students are encouraged to communicate by electronic mail, to: philip.shapira@pubpolicy.gatech.edu

Regular Office Hours: In Room 314, DM Smith Building Mondays and Wednesdays 1.00-2.00; 3.30-4.30. Students are also encouraged to schedule individual appointments at other times, as necessary.

Voice Mail: (404)-894-7735

Course Electronic Mailing Group: An electronic group mailing list (or "listserv") for this course has been established on the Georgia Tech computer system. The listserv will be used for group communications, reading reviews, and selected assignments. Students taking the course should subscribe immediately after the first class.

Subscribe to the list by sending the following message to listproc@list.gatech.edu

subscribe mot-1 <your name major>

• e.g. subscribe mot-1 Chris Smith PubP MS

This request must be submitted by the end user in their mail account, not by another user.

Mail a message to the list, by sending email to mot-1@list.gatech.edu